Difference between revisions of "Research underconstruction"
From atmoschem
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{{Box|type=l_red_light|text=Carbonaceous aerosols in China: top-down constraints on primary sources and estimation of secondary contribution}} | {{Box|type=l_red_light|text=Carbonaceous aerosols in China: top-down constraints on primary sources and estimation of secondary contribution}} | ||
{{HideProject| | {{HideProject| | ||
| − | + | We simulated elemental carbon (EC) and organic | |
carbon (OC) aerosols in China and compared model | carbon (OC) aerosols in China and compared model | ||
results to surface measurements at Chinese rural and background | results to surface measurements at Chinese rural and background | ||
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the secondary sources of OC. We included in the model | the secondary sources of OC. We included in the model | ||
state-of-the-science Chinese “bottom-up” emission inventories | state-of-the-science Chinese “bottom-up” emission inventories | ||
| − | for EC (1.92 TgC | + | for EC (1.92 TgC/yr) and OC (3.95 TgC/yr), as well |
as updated secondary OC formation pathways. The average | as updated secondary OC formation pathways. The average | ||
simulated annual mean EC concentration at rural and background | simulated annual mean EC concentration at rural and background | ||
| − | sites was 1.1 | + | sites was 1.1 μgC/m3, 56% lower than the observed |
| − | 2.5 | + | 2.5 μgC/m3. The average simulated annual mean OC concentration |
| − | at rural and background sites was 3.4 μgC | + | at rural and background sites was 3.4 μgC/m3, |
| − | 76% lower than the observed 14 μgC | + | 76% lower than the observed 14 μgC/m3. Multiple regression |
to fit surface monthly mean EC observations at rural | to fit surface monthly mean EC observations at rural | ||
and background sites yielded the best estimate of Chinese | and background sites yielded the best estimate of Chinese | ||
| − | EC source of 3.05±0.78 TgC | + | EC source of 3.05±0.78 TgC/yr. Based on the topdown |
EC emission estimate and observed seasonal primary | EC emission estimate and observed seasonal primary | ||
OC/EC ratios, we estimated Chinese OC emissions to be | OC/EC ratios, we estimated Chinese OC emissions to be | ||
| − | 6.67±1.30 6.67±1.30 TgC | + | 6.67±1.30 6.67±1.30 TgC/yr. Using these top-down estimates, the |
simulated average annual mean EC concentration at rural and | simulated average annual mean EC concentration at rural and | ||
| − | background sites was significantly improved to 1.9 μgC | + | background sites was significantly improved to 1.9 μgC/m3. |
However, the model still significantly underestimated observed | However, the model still significantly underestimated observed | ||
OC in all seasons (simulated average annual mean OC | OC in all seasons (simulated average annual mean OC | ||
| − | at rural and background sites was 5.4 μgC | + | at rural and background sites was 5.4 μgC/m3), with little |
skill in capturing the spatiotemporal variability. Secondary | skill in capturing the spatiotemporal variability. Secondary | ||
formation accounts for 21% of Chinese annual mean surface | formation accounts for 21% of Chinese annual mean surface | ||
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More regional measurements with better spatiotemporal | More regional measurements with better spatiotemporal | ||
coverage are needed to resolve these shortcomings. | coverage are needed to resolve these shortcomings. | ||
| + | |||
Publication: Fu et al. (2012) | Publication: Fu et al. (2012) | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| + | |||
{{Box|type=l_red_light|text=Constraining the emissions of carbonaceous aerosols in the PRD region}} | {{Box|type=l_red_light|text=Constraining the emissions of carbonaceous aerosols in the PRD region}} | ||
{{HideProject| | {{HideProject| | ||
Revision as of 08:46, 6 May 2014
Contents
- 1 Sources of Chinese air pollutants
- 2 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): global and regional emissions and impacts
- 3 Secondary organic aerosols (SOA)
- 4 Chemistry-Climate interactions and Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) development
- 5 Measurements of Chinese PM2.5 composition
- 6 Air-sea exchange of organic materials
- 7 Long-range transport of pollutants
Sources of Chinese air pollutants
Team members: Nan LI, Yue JIAN, Heng TIAN, Hansen CAO, Tzung-May FU
We simulated elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) aerosols in China and compared model results to surface measurements at Chinese rural and background sites, with the goal of deriving “top-down” emission estimates of EC and OC, as well as better quantifying the secondary sources of OC. We included in the model state-of-the-science Chinese “bottom-up” emission inventories for EC (1.92 TgC/yr) and OC (3.95 TgC/yr), as well as updated secondary OC formation pathways. The average simulated annual mean EC concentration at rural and background sites was 1.1 μgC/m3, 56% lower than the observed 2.5 μgC/m3. The average simulated annual mean OC concentration at rural and background sites was 3.4 μgC/m3, 76% lower than the observed 14 μgC/m3. Multiple regression to fit surface monthly mean EC observations at rural and background sites yielded the best estimate of Chinese EC source of 3.05±0.78 TgC/yr. Based on the topdown EC emission estimate and observed seasonal primary OC/EC ratios, we estimated Chinese OC emissions to be 6.67±1.30 6.67±1.30 TgC/yr. Using these top-down estimates, the simulated average annual mean EC concentration at rural and background sites was significantly improved to 1.9 μgC/m3. However, the model still significantly underestimated observed OC in all seasons (simulated average annual mean OC at rural and background sites was 5.4 μgC/m3), with little skill in capturing the spatiotemporal variability. Secondary formation accounts for 21% of Chinese annual mean surface OC in the model, with isoprene being the most important precursor. In summer, as high as 62% of the observed surface OC may be due to secondary formation in eastern China. Our analysis points to four shortcomings in the current bottom-up inventories of Chinese carbonaceous aerosols: (1) the anthropogenic source is underestimated on a national scale, particularly for OC; (2) the spatiotemporal distributions of emissions are misrepresented; (3) there is a missing source in western China, likely associated with the use of biofuels or other low-quality fuels for heating; and (4) sources in fall are not well represented, either because the seasonal shifting of. emissions and/or secondary formation are poorly captured or because specific fall emission events are missing. In addition, secondary production of OC in China is severely underestimated. More regional measurements with better spatiotemporal coverage are needed to resolve these shortcomings.
Publication: Fu et al. (2012)
Publication:
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs): global and regional emissions and impacts
Team members: Hansen CAO, Heng TIAN
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) impact the oxidizing power of the atmosphere and produce ozone and secondary organic aerosols. VOCs are emitted into the atmosphere from both natural and anthropogenic activities, and quantifying these many overlapping sources can be a challenge. We use remote sensing (satellite) and in situ observations to make 'top-down' estimates of VOC emissions from different sources.
Publication: Fu et al. [2007]
Publication: Millet et al. [2007], Palmer et al. [2006]
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA)
Team members: Nan LI, Li XING, Tzung-May FU
Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are the organic mass transferred into the particulate phase in the atmosphere. Many recent observations have found SOA concentrations to be much higher than can be explained by current models in most parts of the atmosphere.
Using a global 3-D atmospheric chemistry model, we investigate the missing source of SOA. In particular, we find that the heteorogeneous uptake of dicarbonyls in aeorsols and clouds can help explained the observed SOA concentrations and variability.
Publication: Fu et al. (2012)
Publication: Li et al. (2013)
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Publication: Xing et al. (2013)
Chemistry-Climate interactions and Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) development
Team members: Jinxuan CHEN, Yaping MA, Wanying KANG, Aoxing ZHANG, Ye QING
Publication:
Measurements of Chinese PM2.5 composition
Team members: Wei XU, Jinxuan CHEN, Heng TIAN, Aoxing ZHANG
Air-sea exchange of organic materials
Team members: Cenlin HE, Tzung-May FU
The ocean can act both as a source and a sink of atmospheric organic material. The air/sea exchange of organic materials is complexly regulated by both physical and biological conditions at the interface and poorly understood. We developed a new conceptual model to account for these physical and biological processes, including the presence of microfilms, production/consumption of organic matter by marine life, and other photochemical processes.
Publications: He and Fu (2013)
Long-range transport of pollutants
Team member: Yue JIAN
Publication: Jian and Fu (2014)
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